Attribution & Credits
Standing on the shoulders of open data and open source.
Last updated: 10 April 2026
Vehicle images — Wikimedia Commons
Where a vehicle photograph is shown on Watt2Buy, it is loaded directly from Wikimedia Commons under CC-BY 4.0 or CC-BY-SA 4.0 licences. We do not rehost or modify the images — each one is fetched from its original Commons URL, which preserves the link back to the file’s description page where the photographer, licence and source are recorded. Vehicles for which we have not yet sourced a properly-licensed photograph are shown with a generic placeholder silhouette instead.
We attribute the photographers collectively to the Wikimedia Commons community on this page. If you are the author of a specific image and would like a per-image credit added here, or if you would like an image removed, please email us at the address below and we will action it within 48 hours.
We do not rehost or modify images. If you are a photographer whose image is shown incorrectly or without proper credit, please email netra@walawalkar.com and we will fix the attribution within 48 hours.
Data sources
| Dataset | Publisher | Licence |
|---|---|---|
| Daily petrol / diesel / CNG prices | PPAC, IOCL, BPCL, HPCL | Public domain / Gov. open data |
| State DISCOM domestic tariff orders | MERC, DERC, KERC, TNERC, GERC, etc. | Public (statutory order) |
| Grid CO₂ emission factors (CEA Baseline v19) | Central Electricity Authority, GoI | Public (CEA publication) |
| India electricity scenarios 2024 | Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) | CC-BY 4.0 |
| Global EV Outlook 2024 | International Energy Agency (IEA) | IEA terms of use (fair use for education) |
| Lifecycle GHG of passenger cars | International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) | CC-BY 4.0 |
| State EV policies & road-tax waivers | State Transport Departments (Gazette notifications) | Public domain |
| Bank loan rate cards (SBI, HDFC, ICICI, Axis, Kotak, Tata Capital) | Respective banks | Public (official rate cards) |
| Insurance rate proxies | IRDAI Annual Report + Policybazaar/ACKO/Digit public rate cards | Public |
| OEM brochures, ARAI test-cycle data | Respective OEMs, ARAI | Used under nominative fair use |
| Indian cities dataset | GeoNames / SimpleMaps | CC-BY 4.0 |
Open-source software
Watt2Buy is built on open-source software. With gratitude, we acknowledge:
- Next.js 15 (MIT) — the React framework that powers the site.
- React 19 (MIT) — component model.
- TypeScript 5.8 (Apache 2.0) — type safety.
- Tailwind CSS v4 (MIT) — styling.
- Recharts (MIT) — line and bar charts.
- qrcode.react (ISC) — share QR codes.
- next-intl (MIT) — Hindi/English localisation.
- @vercel/og (MPL-2.0) — Open Graph image generation.
- Vercel — hosting & edge runtime.
Trademarks
Vehicle brand names (Tata, Mahindra, Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, MG Motor, BYD, Kia, Honda, Toyota, Volkswagen, etc.) and model names are registered trademarks of their respective owners. Watt2Buy uses these names purely to identify the products being compared, under the doctrine of nominative fair use. No endorsement, affiliation or partnership is implied.
NETRA’s name and logo are used with permission of the alliance. Watt2Buy is an initiative under NETRA’s Sustainable Mobility and C&I Decarbonization Councils — see About Watt2Buy.
Citing Watt2Buy in your own work
If you are a journalist, researcher or student and would like to cite our numbers, please use:
Walawalkar Enterprise LLP. (2026). Watt2Buy: India EV vs ICE TCO and Lifecycle-CO₂ Calculator.Retrieved from https://watt2buy.org, under the Sustainable Mobility and C&I Decarbonization Councils of NETRA.
For longer-form citations or data requests, email netra@walawalkar.com.
Grievance Officer (per DPDP Act 2023 §8(9))
Netra Walawalkar · Managing Partner, Walawalkar Enterprise LLP
Walawalkar Enterprise LLP (WE LLP), Pune, Maharashtra, India
Email: netra@walawalkar.com
We respond to DPDP data-principal requests (access / correction / erasure / grievance) within 30 days of receipt, or escalate to the Data Protection Board of India if unresolved.